Clonochiasis
Clonochiasis is caused by an infection with the trematode Clonorchis sinensis (Chinese or oriental liver fluke). Infection of humans occurs by ingestion of undercooked, salted, pickled, or smoked freshwater fish. After ingestion the organism ascend the biliary tract. The adult flukes (measuring 10 to 25 mm by 3 to 5 mm) and reside in small - medium sized biliary ducts.
Occurrence: Endemic areas are in Asia including Korea, China, Taiwan, and Vietnam.
Manifestations: Result from inflammation and intermittent obstruction of the biliary ducts.
In the acute phase:
- abdominal pain
- nausea
- diarrhoea
In long-standing infections
- infection of biliary duct and gall bladder;
- gall stones;
- pancreatitis;
- cancer in the liver
Diagnosis and treatment: Diagnosis is based on microscopic demonstration of eggs in the stool or in duodenal aspirate. The adult fluke can also be recovered at surgery. Treatment with antibiotics are available.
Vaccine: Not available.
Prevent Clonochiasis by: Avoid ingestion of undercooked, salted, pickled, or smoked freshwater fish.
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