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Cryptosporidiosis (crypto)

Cryptosporidiosis (crypto) is a diarrhoea disease caused by a microscopic parasite, Cryptosporidium parvum. The parasite is protected by an outer shell that allows it to survive outside the body for long periods of time and makes it very resistant to chlorine disinfection. , Cryptosporidium parvum may be found in soil, food, water, or surfaces that have been contaminated with the faeces from infected humans or animals. It is not spread by contact with blood.

Occurrence: Throughout the world.

Manifestations: Symptoms generally begin 2-10 days after being infected. Symptoms include:
• Diarrhoea,
• loose or watery stool
• Stomach cramps
• Upset stomach
• Slight fever.

Diagnosis and treatment: Diagnosis is based on testing of stool samples. Because testing for Crypto can be difficult, you may be asked to submit several stool specimens over several days. There is no effective treatment. Most people with a healthy immune system will recover spontaneously. If you have diarrhoea, drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration.

Prevent Cryptosporidiosis by:
• Wash your hands with soap and water after using the toilet, changing childrens nappies and before eating or preparing food.
• Avoid swimming in recreational water (pools, hot tubs, lakes or rivers, the ocean, etc.) if you have Crypto and for at least 2 weeks after diarrhoea stops. You can pass Crypto in your stool and contaminate water for several weeks after your symptoms have ended. This has resulted in many outbreaks of Crypto among recreational water users.
• Note: you are not protected in a chlorinated pool because Crypto is chlorine resistant and can live for days in pools.
• Avoid faecal exposure during sex.