Leishmaniasis
Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease spread from rodents by the bite of infected sand flies. Sand flies become infected by biting an infected animal (for example, a rodent or dog) or person. Since sand flies do not make noise when they fly, people may not realise they are present. Sand flies are very small and may be hard to see; they are only about one-third the size of typical mosquitoes. Sand flies usually are most active in twilight, evening, and night time hours (from dusk to dawn).
Manifestations: There is three different types of the disease. These are characterised by their geographic occurrence and symptoms:
Leishmania cutanea is a benign disease. This causes skin sores. The sores take several years to heal. This disease occurs in:
- India
- Western Asia
- Africa
Leishmaniasis braziliensis is more serious. This form spreads to bones. This form occurs in:
- South America
- Central America
Leishmaniasis viscerale (kala azar) is a serious disease, which untreated, will cause death in about 70% of infected people. The symptoms are:
- Fever
- weight loss
- enlarged spleen
- enlarged liver (usually the spleen is bigger than the liver)
- swollen glands
- Diarrhoea
Diagnosis and treatment: The parasite is found in the sore or in blood. Treatment is available.
Prevent Leismaniasis by:
- Stay in well-screened or air-conditioned areas as much as possible.
- Avoid outdoor activities, especially from dusk to dawn, when sand flies are the most active.
- When outside, wear long-sleeved shirts, long pants, and socks. Tuck your shirt into your pants.
- Apply insect repellent on uncovered skin and under the ends of sleeves and pant legs. Follow the instructions on the label of the repellent. The most effective repellents are those that contain the chemical DEET (N,N-diethylmetatoluamide). The concentration of DEET varies among repellents. Repellents with DEET concentrations of 30—35% are quite effective, and the effect should last about 4 hours. Lower concentrations should be used for children (no more than 10% DEET). Repellents with DEET should be used sparingly on children from 2 to 6 years old and not at all on children less than 2 years old.
- Spray clothing with permethrin-containing insecticides. The insecticide should be reapplied after every five washes
Information Only
The content above is for information purposes only and we have tried to ensure that the information is as accurate as possible. We cannot accept any responsibility for any inconvenience, loss or injury as a result of the information above. You should always check and verify any critical information like visas, health and safety and customs with the relevant authorities before you travel since information can change at any time.
